| Country Information | 
National name: Russian Federation
President: Vladimir Putin (2000)
Prime Minister: Mikhail Fradkov (2004)
Area: 6,592,735 sq mi (17,075,200 sq km)
Monetary unit: Ruble | Population (2005 est.): 143,420,309
- growth rate: -0.4%;
- birth rate: 9.8/1000;
- infant mortality rate: 15.4/1000;
- life expectancy: 67.1;
- density per sq mi: 22 |
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Moscow, 11,970,500 (metro. area), 8,368,200 (city proper)
Other large cities:
- St. Petersburg, 4,582,300;
- Novosibirsk, 1,395,500;
- Nizhny Novgorod, 1,340,900;
- Yekaterinburg, 1,256,600;
- Samara, 1,146,800;
- Kazan, 1,113,600;
- Ufa, 1,096,600;
- Chelyabinsk, 1,080,000;
- Perm, 998,800;
- Volgograd, 984,200 | Ethnicity/race:
- Russian 81.5%,
- Tatar 3.8%,
- Ukrainian 3%,
- Chuvash 1.2%,
- Bashkir 0.9%,
- Byelorussian 0.8%,
- Moldavian 0.7%,
- other 8.1% (1989) |
Languages:
- Russian,
- others | Religions:
- Russian Orthodox,
- Islam,
- others |
Literacy rate: 100% (2003 est.)
Economic summary:
- GDP/PPP (2004 est.): $1.408 trillion; per capita $9,800.
- Real growth rate: 6.7%.
- Inflation: 11.5%.
- Unemployment: 8.3%, plus considerable underemployment.
- Arable land: 7%.
- Agriculture: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk.
- Labor force: 71.83 million; agriculture 12.3%, industry 22.7%, services 65%.
- Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts.
- Natural resources: wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber; note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources.
- Exports: $134.4 billion (2003 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures.
- Imports: $74.8 billion (2003 est.): machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products.
- Major trading partners: Germany, Italy, Netherlands, China, U.S., Ukraine, Belarus, Switzerland, Kazakhstan, France.
Communications:
- Telephones: main lines in use: 30 million (1998); mobile cellular: 19 million (January 2003).
- Radio broadcast stations: AM 420, FM 447, shortwave 56 (1998).
- Radios: 61.5 million (1997).
- Television broadcast stations: 7,306 (1998).
- Televisions: 60.5 million (1997).
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 300 (June 2000).
- Internet users: 18 million (2002).
Transportation:
- Railways: total: 87,157 km (2002).
 - Highways: total: 532,393 km; paved: 358,833 km; unpaved: 173,560 km (2000).
- Waterways: 95,900 km (total routes in general use) (Jan. 1994).
- Ports and harbors: Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', De-Kastri, Indigirskiy, Kaliningrad, Kandalaksha, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Lazarev, Mago, Mezen', Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Onega, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Rostov, Shakhtersk, Saint Petersburg, Sochi, Taganrog, Tuapse, Uglegorsk, Vanino, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg.
- Airports: 2,743 (2002).
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